Cardiff
            some history
            At the start
              nothing definite.
            The sandy frith 
              of the river
              a fort
              a track into the heathland
              the reach of the sea
            then names
            Taf, Ely, Rhymney
              Maindy, Crwys Bychan, Cathays
              few streets - Shoemaker, Working,
              Duck, Worton, Houndemanneby,
              the booth-hall, the town cross,
              mud flats, boat stays.
              In command immigrant merchants
              manipulators -
              Hugo, Johannes,
              Walterus Parvus,
              Robertus de Kardif Niger,
              Walteri Longi, Alabus,
              all foreigners.
              This is the Welsh way.
            power
              
              Cae 
              Twc, Coed Yr Hen Wyr,
              Maindy 
              Bach, Carreg Picca, 
              bilingual officials, ascendant chapels.
              Cardiff grows.
              Visitors from Bristol
              find us short,
              gregarious, singers,
              drinkers, fish sellers, panhandlers,
              street peddlers, beggars,
              gargling ruffians
              in stovepipe hats.
            I need not 
              remind you that Welsh 
              is the common vernacular of Cardiff
              - Official advice to travelers
            There is 
              no reason why these aboriginals should not be made to speak the 
              King's English
              - Letter 
              to local paper
            King George 
              is a German
              - 
              Slogan on wall
            Then coal
            We name our 
              burgeoning streets
              after battles, foreigners,
              campaigns, soldiers,
              poets, statesmen,
              engineers, scientists, metals,
              precious stones,
              the heavenly bodies - 
              anything pronounceable by coal owners.
              Not yet pastoral England -
              Fairwood, Sweet 
              Briar, Mallard's Reach,
              but soon.
            Now glass
            When the coal 
              city fails and the brick city crumbles
              We build a glass 
              city with borrowed money.
              We close down everything that smells.
              We sell shoes, beds and endowment mortgages
              from vast shining emporia.
              This is not honest toil,
              this is sweatless opportunism.
              We do it well.
            Q: How Welsh 
              do you feel?
              A: We don't.
            Summary of answers 
              to intelligence test:
              
              Wales is near Spain.
              Alexander Cordell is a local boxer.
              We have a flag with a red dog on it.
              Llewelyn ap Gruffydd is a mystery.
              There are 52 nightclubs in our city centre.
              We've been to them all.
            60% of residents 
              questions
              said that Cardiff was not yet
              their idea of a Welsh cultural epicentre
              
            5% could not 
              pronounce epicentre.
            The rest thought 
              they were
              still living in Avon.